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Total cost of ownership (TCO)

The full cost of an IoT deployment over its lifetime, including hardware, connectivity, cloud, installation, maintenance, support and decommissioning, not just the purchase price.

TCO is the number a buyer should compare instead of the unit price. An IoT sensor that costs little to buy may need a cellular subscription every month, a cloud platform fee per device, a technician to install it, batteries replaced every few years, and someone to handle firmware updates and failed units. Over a multi-year deployment those recurring items often outweigh the hardware.

The concept matters because it changes design decisions. A longer battery life is worth a higher unit cost if it removes a site visit; a device management platform is worth its fee if it keeps the fleet updated without truck rolls. TCO also exposes the cost of vendor lock-in, such as a proprietary network that cannot be switched. It pairs with ROI to form the basis of a business case.

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